RSS

RSS is a family of web sources  formats encoded in XML. It is used to provide updated information to subscribers frequently. The format makes it possible to distribute content without a browser, using a software designed to read RSS feeds. Despite this, it is possible to use the same browser to view RSS content. The latest versions of major browsers can read RSS feeds without additional software. RSS is part of the family of XML formats developed specifically for all types of sites that are updated frequently and through which you can share information and use it on other sites or programs. This is known as re-organize  web site.

There are three types of RSS and its initials acquire a different meaning depending on the specification used:

• Rich Site Summary. (RSS 0.91)
• RDF Site Summary. (RSS 0.9 and 1.0)
• Really Simple Syndication. (RSS 2.0)

 The RSS file is rewritten automatically when there is an update on the contents of the website. Accessing the RSS file is impossible to know if they have updated the content and how news texts, but without the need to access the site except to read the extended version.

 

References:

• RSS (2009, February 8). In Wikipedia, The Free Enciclopedia. Retrieved 2:22, February 8, 2009, from: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS
• Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (2006, March 26). Guía fácil del RSS. Retrieved 2:25, February 8, 2009, from: http://es.geocities.com/rss_guia_facil/
• ¿Que es un feed RSS? In Microsiervos. Retrieved 2.30, February 8,2009, from: http://www.microsiervos.com/archivo/internet/que-es-un-feed-rss.html

 

Web 2.0

The expression Web 2.0 was designed by Tim O’Reilly in the year 2004 for referring to a second generation of the Web’s history based in communities of users and an special range of services, like social networks, the blocs, the wikis…….that encourage the collaboration and the exchange of information between different users.

We must take it as an attitude, not as a technology. The Web 2.0 is the transition that has occurred from traditional applications to that ones which work through the web targeted to final users. This is generating applications and collaboration services to replace desktop applications.

There are some doubts about the term 2.0.  Some people say that it’s only a buzz word without any sense, while others think that it’s a new paradigm. It’s not really important if  it’s only one term or maybe a paradigm, but what we know is that it has had an enormous success between users.

• Web 2.0 (February 4, 2009). In wikipedia. Retrieved 17.50, February 4, 2009 from: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0
• Christian Van Der Henst S. (October 27, 2005).  Maestros de la web (¿Qué es la web?). Retrieved 17.54, February 4, 2009 from: http://www.maestrosdelweb.com/editorial/web2/
• Fundación Telefónica (February 4, 2009). Boletin de la sociedad de la información: tecnologia e innovación. Retrieved 17.58, February 4, 2009 from: http://sociedaddelainformacion.telefonica.es/jsp/articulos/detalle.jsp?elem=2146

Lenguajes de marcas para la gestión de contenidos y la publicación Web (Group article).

First and foremost, we would like to explain the terms involved. Being both markup languages, on  the  one  hand,  HTML  stands  for  “Hyper  Text Markup  Language”,  and  on  the  other,  XML stands for “Extensible Markup Language”.
 
Focusing on  the differences, XML points at  the  structure of  the  information, saving  time and simplifying  the  software,  not  requiring,  consequently,  DTD  or  Document  Type  Definition. Besides,  it supports Unicode, allowing almost any  information  in any written human  language
to be communicated, and in addition, it doesn’t have any data. HTML however, requires from the authors  to avoid  the use of presentational markup as well as  to  use available markup  to differentiate  the  meanings  of  phrases  and  structure  in  the  document.  Moreover,  HTML documents are more difficult to be delivered, as they are normally delivered either over HTTP servers or through e-mail.
 
In short, XML is more useful than HTML not only because it is easier to try for the computer programs, but also because HTML does not indicate what it is representing. In fact, HTML is known for describing the content of what it labels.
 
 

 

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References:
1.  HTML. (2008, December 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:35, December 14, 2008, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML&oldid=257683789
2.  Markup language. (2008, December 14). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:36, December 14, 2008, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Markup_language&oldid=257834827
3.  Hipertexto, el nuevo concepto de documento en la cultura de la imagen (2008, November 23) by María Jesús Lamarca Lapuente in Hipertexto. Retrieved 20:39, December 14 from: http://www.hipertexto.info/documentos/lenguajes_h.htm
4.  Extensible Markup language (1999) by Joaquin Bravo Montero in Programacion. Retrieved  20:41, November 23 from:
http://www.programacion.net/html/xml/htmdsssl/capitulo1/capitulo1.htm

 

 

Group members: Gorka Lozano, Aitor Macia, Milia Mayora, Ander Martinez and Ricardo Merelas.

La oralidad y la escritura en los hipermedos (Group article)

First of all, let us define the concepts involved. On the one hand, according to N.H. Nelson, the term hypermedia is used as an extension of the term hypertext, in which graphics, audio, video, plain text and hyperlinks are involved, being the World Wide Web the clearest example. On the other hand orality involves the capacity of speaking of each person as well as the gestures and other sources used.

According to experts on the subject, the hypermedia has changed the orality. As Perez Tornero mentions, due to the hypermedia we can send an oral message from one point of the planet to another, giving a kind of globalisation to the text and without realising how far the person receiving the message is. However, according to Brian and Williams, the hypermedia contributes to the worsening of the language as they, as well as networks, are opened to anybody. Besides, almost anything is accepted and owing to that, some writers transfer some of their bad acquired habits in writing from one media to another. Moreover, a big percentage of the users may write without any kind of information or taking it from poor sources.

 

References:

 

• Patrick O’Brian & Noel Williams: Computers and Writing, the state of the art. Published by Intellect Books in 1992 ISBN 187151620X, 9781871516203 retrieved from
  http://books.google.es/books?id=Q75qE4u9fEgC
• De la escritura la hipermedia (30-11-1999) by Jose Manuel Perez Tornero from Comunidad de formadores (retrieved December 3th 2008) from http://eformadores.redescolar.ilce.edu.mx/recursos/pdfs_tornero/escritura_hipermedia.pdf
• Hypermedia (2008, October 15). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:54 November 30, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypermedia&oldid=245357554
• Orality, Literacy, Digitality (August 1996) In Tarleton State University. Retrieved: December 3th 13.02. From http://www.tarleton.edu/~lilly/discuss2.htm

 

 

Group members: Gorka Lozano, Aitor Macia, Ander Martinez, Milia Mayora and Ricardo Merelas

Kevin Kelly (Group article)

Kevin Kelly is an American writer, photographer and conservationist whose writings, despite dropping out of university after one year of studies, has acquired relevance being published in newspapers such as “The New York Times” or “The Economist“. So great has been his success that the well-known film Matrix was based on evidence from his book. We’ve decided to dedicate this article to Kelly due to his wide knowledge on the subject.

According to Kelly, the web has suffered a dramatic change. Whereas years ago, it used to be a green screen with cursors, connecting one computer with another, being known as the “net”, we’ve moved to a new stage now. This stage we are actually in, uses the idea of linking pages. Should I want to go to an airline web page, I will go from my page to FTP site. The evolution the web has suffered is exemplified by the 100 billion clicks done per day or the 2 million emails sent per second. Besides, in the year 2005, there were more than 100 web pages available per person alive. With regards to the future, the web is going to continue its development until it becomes part of us, becoming us at the same time part of it.

As a clear example of this development, we’ve got eBay, the famous portal to sell and buy objects. As Kelly mentions in his article “Ten years ago I heard sceptics swear nobody would ever buy a car on the Web”. Last year eBay Motors sold $11 billion worth of vehicles”.

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References

• “We are the Web” by Kevin Kelly. In Public Television Affinity GroupCoalition. Retrieved 19:30, November 17, 2008, from: http://www.ptv-agc.org/RR-WeAreTheWeb.pdf.pdf

• We are the web. In Wired. retrieved 19:37, November 17, 2008 from: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/tech.html?pg=2&topic=tech&topic_set=

• Kevin Kelly: Predicting the next 5,000 days of the web. In Ted, ideas for spreading. Retrieved 19:40, November 17, 2008. From: http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_kelly_on_the_next_5_000_days_of_the_web.html

• Transcription of Kevin Kelly’s talk about the next 5000 days of the web. In Wiki Littera Deusto. Retrieved. 19:40 November 17, 2008. From: http://wiki.littera.deusto.es/en/index.php/Ist0809/KevinKelly5000days

• Kevin Kelly (editor). (2008, October 9). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:10, November 17, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Kelly_(editor)&oldid=244052430

Members: Gorka Lozano, Aitor Macia, Ander Martinez, Milia Mayora and Ricardo Merelas

HTML

HTML means Hyper Text Markup Language, and is the most markup language used for the web pages creation. It’s used for describing the structure and the contain as a text, and also for complementing that text with images. HTML is written in the form of tags, surrounded by angle brackets. It can also describe the appearance of a document and include an script (for example Java-script), which can script the behaviour of web browsers and other HTML processors.

The HTML language, despite of its simplicity, is an excellent invention. It’s the most successful system of documents’ presentation of the whole history. Since www appeared, thanks to HTML, we have been able to publish and have access to some information that we couldn’t have never imagined.

After publishing HTML, in 1998 XHTML was created. Since then HTML  is under the XHTML control. The main difference between them is that XHTML is a metalanguage, while HTML is simply a language.

 

• HTML (2009 January 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12.08  January 14 from: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML
• XHTML2 Working Group Home Page (2009 January 09).  Retrieved 12.17  January 14 from: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/
• Extensible Markup Language . Retrieved 12.21 January 14  from: http://www.programacion.net/html/xml/htmdsssl/capitulo1/capitulo1.htm

Hypermedia and comunication

Hypermedia  is used as a logical extension of the term hypertext  in which graphics, audio, video, plain text and hyperlinks are involved, being exemplified by the “World Wide Web”. 

Brian and Williams think that the “hypermedia” has affected the human communication. In their opinion it has had to face two different problems. On the one hand, the appearance of some new ways of writing, and on the other hand, some problems that the writers have to suffer everyday. The hypermedia and networks are opened to anybody, so almost anything is accepted. That’s why some writers transfer some of their bad habits from one medium to another. There ate some disadvantages too. This way, anybody is able write on the Internet without any documentation, and this could cause some problems to the user, who doesn’t know if the information is good or isn’t.

But as N. Katherine Hayles says, “electronic literature is digital born”, so everybody should take into acount the human comunication, not the hypermedia only.

 

• Hypermedia (2008, October 15). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16.30,  December 24, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypermedia&oldid=245357554
• Electronic literature (2008, July 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16.31, December 24, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_literature&oldid=223895319
• Patrick O’Brian Holt & Noel Williams (1992): Computers and Writing, the state of the art. Published by  Intellect Books ISBN 187151620X, 9781871516203 retrieved 16.33, December 24, 2008 from http://books.google.es/books?id=Q75qE4u9fEgC

hypertext

Hypertext is the name which receives the text that in the screen of a computer leads to a user to another related text. The hipertext`s most habitual way in documents is the hyperlink, which is an automatic reference that links you to other documents. If the user selects an hyperlink, the linked document will immediately appear in front of him or her. Another way of  hypertext is  the stretchiest which consists of  two indicators and one screen. The first indicator allows us to move up and down what we’ve recently written.  The second one, makes the text change its size.

Its mainly to mention that the hypertext is not only limited to facts and figures. We can also can find drawings, videos or listenings referred to the topic.  The program what we use to reed the hipertext´s documents is called “navigator” or “browser”, and when we use a link we sat that we´re surfing the web.

The hypertext is one of the ways of the hypermedia, created to design, write and redact a text in a media.

 

• Hypertext (December 9, 2008). In wikipedia. Retrieved 12.05, December 10, 2008 from: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertexto
• .Adelaide Bianchini (June 2000). Conceptos y definiciones de hipertexto. Retrieved 12.06, December 10, 2008 from: http://www.ldc.usb.ve/~abianc/hipertexto.html
• María Jesús Lamarca Lapuente. (Actualizacion permanente)HIPERTEXTO: EL NUEVO CONCEPTO DE DOCUMENTO EN LA CULTURA DE LA IMAGEN . Retrieved 12.08., December 10, 2008 from: http://www.hipertexto.info/

Kevin Kelly

Kevin Kelly, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1952, is the founding executive editor of Wired magazine and also the former editor of the Whole Earth Catalog. He´s been a wrtter for a long time too. Now, he´s considered by some an expert in digital culture. It´s very remarcable the fact that the film called “Matrix” has many sceens and ideas based oh his book “Out of control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World”, which he wrote in the year 1994.

As he says in his speech, which has recently been publicated in Youtube, he things that some years ago it was completely impossible to think that internet would be as succesful as it is nowadays. Even though anyone believed in internet´s possibilities, he said that we should “get better in believing in the impossible”.  We know he was wright.

Now, 100 bilion clicks are done everyday on the web, and 2 million e-mails are sent each second. We can take “Wikipedia” as an example of the web´s success. It´s a great collection of articles of people all around the world, and is one of the most famous web pages of Internet. Society is in constant movement and we must follow its steps.

 

 

Bibliography:

 

• Kevin Kelly (editor). (2008, October 9). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 11:11, November 14, 2008.
• Kevin Kelly’s biography. (2008, February 28). In Kevin Kelly´s webpage. Retrieved 10:54, November 14, 2008.

la violencia en el futbol

Ultimamente está muy de moda confundir el ocio con la violencia, hecho que esta causando extragos en la actual sociedad. La gran mayoria de las personas que acuden a un estadio de futbol cada domingo lo unico que pretenden es pasar un buen rato y disfrutar de un deporte tan bonito como es el balompie.    

Desafotrunadamente ,siempre hay un grupo de delincuentes que aprobecha la publicidad y gran audiencia que proporcionan estos eventos para hacer de las suyas y promocionar sus ideas tanto ultraderechistas como ultraizquierdistas.

Esto trae consigo olas de violencia sin sentido que no hacen mas que empañar el espectaculo y poner en peligro la integridad de los miles de espectadores cuerdos que estan en las gradas.

Desgraciadamente los hechos de los que hablamos no suceden solo a nivel nacional, sino que estan extendidos por todos o la gran mayoria de los paises en los que se practica este deporte. Son ya demasiadas las muertes que hemos tenido que lamentar, y que se podian haber evitado.

Esperemos que las sanciones se endurezcan y podamos acabar asi de una vez por todas con estas cada vez mas habituales trifulcas que nunca deberian de haber existido en un depotre tan bonito como es el futbol. Ni en este ni en ningun otro, evidentemente.